Molecular weight of compounds and chemical elements

Atomic mass, often confused with molar mass - it is a mass:
- one molecule of a chemical compound (e.g. O₂, H₂O),
- a formal unit of a given compound (e.g., NaCl with an ionic and not a molecular structure),
- one other chemical species (e.g. ion CH₃COO⁻).
The molecular weight unit in the SI system is kg. However, much more commonly the molecular weight is expressed in atomic mass units „u” (equal to 1/12 of the atomic mass of the carbon isotope ¹²C) or „Da” (dalton).

In practice, due to technical difficulties in expressing actual molecular weights, the so-called relative molecular masses - which are calculated as the sum of the relative atomic masses of the atoms that make up it. Relative molecular mass is a dimensionless quantity which should be understood as a multiple of 1/12 of the atomic mass of the carbon isotope ¹²C.

In the case of populations of molecules with different molecular weights (e.g., polymers, gas mixtures, etc.), the concept of average molecular weight (also called molar) is used. The average molar mass can be calculated as the arithmetic mean or geometric mean weight of individual molecules in the population.

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