Vernam cipher online encoder and decoder. Encrypt and decrypt any cipher created in a Vernam cipher.

Thanks to the 3x3 matrix math calculator, you can easily calculate the determinant of the matrix 3x3, find the complement 3x3 matrix, transpose 3x3 matrix, inverse 3x3 matrix.

The CAPM calculator can be used to calculate the cost of equity, to evaluate the investment effectiveness of collective investment funds (open-end investment funds, pension funds, etc.), to study the efficiency of the stock market, etc.
The CAPM calculator in the form of SML allows you to calculate the expected rate of return on all portfolios, not only effective ones, as well as individual stock market shares.