The PV calculator helps us to calculate the current value of an investment, i.e. the PV (present value). The PV calculator calculates the amount we need today to obtain the given value in the future after a certain number of years and calculating the interest due, assuming that they will be capitalized (added to the capital) with the specified frequency (e.g. weekly, monthly, quarterly, semi-annually, annually) ie how much do you need today to get X in the future

Vernam cipher online encoder and decoder. Encrypt and decrypt any cipher created in a Vernam cipher.

With this calculator you can perform a complete canonical form analysis of the quadratic function with explanations. The calculator will show you how to find the general form of a quadratic function from its canonical form. Moreover, it will determine the zeros of the function, its vertex coordinates, calculate the delta and present the product and general form of our function.