Check to what extent you are addicted to nicotine.

Rail Fence, Zig-Zag cipher online encoder and decoder. Encrypt and decrypt any cipher created in a Rail Fence, Zig-Zag cipher.

The PV calculator helps us to calculate the current value of an investment, i.e. the PV (present value). The PV calculator calculates the amount we need today to obtain the given value in the future after a certain number of years and calculating the interest due, assuming that they will be capitalized (added to the capital) with the specified frequency (e.g. weekly, monthly, quarterly, semi-annually, annually) ie how much do you need today to get X in the future